chai dạn

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The Vietnamese word "chai dạn" can be translated to "hardened" in English. It describes something that has become tough, strong, or rigid, either physically or emotionally.

Simple Explanation:

• Meaning: "Chai dạn" refers to something that has lost its softness or flexibility and has become hard or rigid. This can apply to objects (like materials) or to people (in terms of emotions or attitudes).

Usage Instructions:

• You can use "chai dạn" to describe a physical object that has become hard over time, or to talk about someone who is emotionally tough or unfeeling due to past experiences.

Examples:

1. Physical Use:

   • "Cái bánh mì để qua đêm đã chai dạn."
   • (The bread left out overnight has hardened.)

2. Emotional Use:

   • "Sau nhiều lần thất bại, anh ấy trở nên chai dạn hơn."
   • (After many failures, he has become more hardened.)

Advanced Usage:

• "Chai dạn" can also be used metaphorically to describe behaviors or attitudes. For instance, if someone has faced a lot of hardship, they might develop a "chai dạn" attitude, meaning they are less sensitive to their feelings or the feelings of others.

Word Variants:

• While "chai dạn" itself is a specific term, you may encounter related phrases or synonyms that express similar concepts. Some might include:
  • "cứng" (hard)
  • "kiên cường" (resilient)
  • "bền bỉ" (durable)

Different Meanings:

• It's important to note that "chai dạn" primarily focuses on the aspect of becoming hard or tough. It does not usually carry a positive connotation when used to describe emotional states, as it implies a lack of sensitivity or warmth.

Academic

1. Hardened